Bias Tafsir “Cacat” dalam Pasal 116 Kompilasi Hukum Islam Prespektif Perlindungan Pasangan Disabilitas
Abstract
Divorce based on the ground of “physical disability or an incurable disease” as stipulated in Article 116(e) of the Compilation of Islamic Law potentially produces biased and discriminatory interpretations, particularly when disability is treated as a legitimate reason to terminate a marriage without considering the rights, capacities, and protection of spouses with disabilities. This study aims to analyze the meaning and interpretation of the term disability within the article from the perspective of protecting disabled spouses. The research employs a normative legal approach supported by humanistic and gender perspectives, using document analysis of legal texts, court decisions, and relevant fiqh literature and disability regulations. The findings indicate that the concept of disability in Article 116(e) lacks a clear operational definition, creating opportunities for misinterpretation and discriminatory practices, especially when disability is incorrectly equated with an inability to fulfill marital obligations. The study highlights the necessity of contextual and inclusive reinterpretation to ensure that the provision aligns with the principles of public interest (maṣlaḥah), equality, and the protection of vulnerable groups within Islamic family law. This research contributes to strengthening disability-sensitive legal discourse and provides a foundation for developing fair and non-discriminatory interpretive guidelines for judges in divorce cases involving disabled spouses.
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